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(ns cljcc.compiler
(:require [cljcc.parser :as p]
[instaparse.core :as insta]
[clojure.pprint :as pp]
[cljcc.tacky :as t]))
(def registers #{:ax :dx :r10 :r11})
;;;; Instructions
(defn- mov-instruction [src dst]
{:op :mov
:src src
:dst dst})
(defn- ret-instruction []
{:op :ret})
(defn- allocate-stack-instruction [v]
{:op :allocate-stack
:value v})
(defn- unary-instruction [unary-operator operand]
{:op :unary
:unary-operator unary-operator
:operand operand})
(defn- binary-instruction [binop src dst]
{:op :binary
:binary-operator binop
:src src
:dst dst})
(defn- cdq-instruction []
{:op :cdq})
(defn- idiv-instruction [operand]
{:op :idiv
:operand operand})
;;;; Operands
(defn- imm-operand [v]
{:operand :imm
:value v})
(defn- reg-operand [reg]
{:operand :reg
:register reg})
(defn- stack-operand [v]
{:operand :stack
:value v})
(defn- pseudo-operand [identifier]
{:operand :pseudo
:identifier identifier})
;;;; Tacky -> Instructions
(defn- tacky-val->assembly-operand [val]
(let [type (:type val)
v (:value val)]
(condp = type
:constant (imm-operand v)
:variable (pseudo-operand v))))
(defn- tacky-return->assembly [instruction]
(let [val (:val instruction)
src (tacky-val->assembly-operand val)
reg (reg-operand :ax)]
[(mov-instruction src reg) (ret-instruction)]))
(defn- tacky-unary->assembly [instruction]
(let [src (tacky-val->assembly-operand (:src instruction))
dst (tacky-val->assembly-operand (:dst instruction))
unop (:unary-operator instruction)]
[(mov-instruction src dst) (unary-instruction unop dst)]))
(defn- tacky-binary->assembly [instruction]
(let [binop (:binary-operator instruction)
src1 (tacky-val->assembly-operand (:src1 instruction))
src2 (tacky-val->assembly-operand (:src2 instruction))
dst (tacky-val->assembly-operand (:dst instruction))
div? (= binop :div)
mod? (= binop :mod)]
(cond
div? [(mov-instruction src1 (reg-operand :ax))
(cdq-instruction)
(idiv-instruction src2)
(mov-instruction (reg-operand :ax) dst)]
mod? [(mov-instruction src1 (reg-operand :ax))
(cdq-instruction)
(idiv-instruction src2)
(mov-instruction (reg-operand :dx) dst)]
:else [(mov-instruction src1 dst) (binary-instruction binop src2 dst)])))
(def tacky->assembly-transformers
{:unary #'tacky-unary->assembly
:return #'tacky-return->assembly
:binary #'tacky-binary->assembly})
(defn- tacky-inst->assembly-inst [inst]
(let [transformer-fn ((:type inst) tacky->assembly-transformers)]
(transformer-fn inst)))
(declare tacky-ex)
(defn- find-pseudo-values [instructions]
(distinct
(remove
nil?
(reduce (fn [pseudo-acc inst]
(let [paths [:src :dst :operand]
values (reduce (fn [acc path]
(if (get-in inst [path :operand])
(conj acc (get-in inst [path :identifier]))
acc)) [] paths)]
(concat pseudo-acc values))) [] instructions))))
(defn- create-pseudo-value-map [pseudo-values]
(reduce
(fn [acc cur]
(let [exists? (contains? acc cur)
v (get acc "current")]
(if exists?
acc
(assoc acc cur (- v 4) "current" (- v 4)))))
{"current" 0}
pseudo-values))
(defn- pseudo->stack-operand-instruction [pvs instruction]
(let [pseudo? (fn [inst path]
(let [v (get-in inst [path :operand])]
(if v
(= :pseudo v)
false)))
replace-pseudo (fn [inst path]
(if (pseudo? inst path)
(let [v (get-in inst [path :identifier])
sv (get pvs v)]
(assoc inst path (stack-operand sv)))
inst))]
(-> instruction
(replace-pseudo :src)
(replace-pseudo :dst)
(replace-pseudo :operand))))
(defn- replace-pseudoregisters [instructions]
(let [pseudo-values (find-pseudo-values instructions)
pseudo-value-map (create-pseudo-value-map pseudo-values)]
{:max-stack-val (get pseudo-value-map "current")
:instructions (map #(pseudo->stack-operand-instruction pseudo-value-map %) instructions)}))
(defn- fix-binary-instruction [instruction]
(let [binop (:binary-operator instruction)
src (:src instruction)
dst (:dst instruction)
mul? (= binop :mul)]
(if mul?
(let [dst-memory-address? (= :stack (:operand dst))]
(if dst-memory-address?
[(mov-instruction dst (reg-operand :r11))
(binary-instruction binop src (reg-operand :r11))
(mov-instruction (reg-operand :r11) dst)]
instruction))
(let [both-memory-address? (and
(= :stack (:operand src))
(= :stack (:operand dst)))]
(if both-memory-address?
[(mov-instruction src (reg-operand :r10))
(binary-instruction binop (reg-operand :r10) dst)]
instruction)))))
(defn- fix-mov-instruction [instruction]
(let [both-memory-address? (and
(= :stack (get-in instruction [:src :operand]))
(= :stack (get-in instruction [:dst :operand])))]
(if both-memory-address?
[(mov-instruction (get instruction :src) (reg-operand :r10))
(mov-instruction (reg-operand :r10) (get instruction :dst))]
instruction)))
(defn- fix-idiv-instruction [instruction]
(if (= :imm (get-in instruction [:operand :operand]))
[(mov-instruction (:operand instruction) (reg-operand :r10))
(idiv-instruction (reg-operand :r10))]
instruction))
(def fix-instruction-map
{:idiv #'fix-idiv-instruction
:mov #'fix-mov-instruction
:binary #'fix-binary-instruction})
(defn- fix-instruction [instruction]
(let [f (or ((:op instruction) fix-instruction-map) #'identity)]
(f instruction)))
(defn- add-allocate-stack-instruction [{instructions :instructions max-stack-val :max-stack-val}]
(cons (allocate-stack-instruction max-stack-val) instructions))
(defn- assembly-generate-instructions [tacky-instructions]
(->> tacky-instructions
(map tacky-inst->assembly-inst)
flatten
replace-pseudoregisters
add-allocate-stack-instruction
(map fix-instruction)
flatten))
(defn- transform-function [_return-type identifier args body]
{:op :function
:identifier (second identifier)
:args args
:instructions (assembly-generate-instructions (:instructions body))})
(defn- tacky-ast->assembly [ast]
(insta/transform
{:function transform-function}
ast))
(defn generate-assembly [source]
(-> source
p/parse
t/tacky-generate
tacky-ast->assembly))
(comment
(def ex "int main(void) {return -2;}")
(pp/pprint (-> ex
p/parse
t/tacky-generate))
(pp/pprint
(generate-assembly
"int main(void) {
return 1 + 2;
}"))
())
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